الرئيسية
Cardiac catheterization
Cardiac
catheterization (heart cath) is the insertion of a catheter into a
chamber or vessel of the heart. This is done for both investigational
and interventional purposes. Subsets of this technique are mainly
coronary catheterization, involving the catheterization of the coronary
arteries, and catheterization of cardiac chambers and valves.
Coronary catheterization
ProcedureLocal
anaesthetic is injected into the skin, usually in the right groin, to
numb the area. In some centers access to the coronary arteries is made
via the right radial or brachial artery (hand or arm), but the majority
of cases are still done from the groin region. A puncture is then made
with a needle in either the femoral artery in the groin or the radial
artery in the wrist,(Seldinger technique), before a guidewire is
inserted into the arterial puncture. A plastic sheath (with a stiffer
plastic introducer inside it) is then threaded over the wire and pushed
into the artery. The wire is then removed and the side-port of the
sheath is aspirated to ensure arterial blood flows back. It is then
flushed with saline. This arterial sheath, with a bleedback prevention
valve, acts as a conduit into the artery for the duration of the
procedure.
[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]
Catheters
are inserted using a guidewire and moved towards the heart. Once in
position above the aortic valve the guidewire is then removed. The
catheter is then engaged with the origin of the coronary artery (either
left main stem or right coronary artery) and x-ray opaque iodine-based
contrast is injected to make the coronary vessels show up on the x-ray
fluoroscopy image.
When
the necessary procedures are complete, the catheter is removed. Firm
pressure is applied to the site to prevent bleeding. This may be done by
hand or with a mechanical device. Other closure techniques include an
internal suture and plug. If the femoral artery was used, the patient
will probably be asked to lie flat for several hours to prevent bleeding
or the development of a hematoma. If the arm is used, the patient can
ambulate sooner. Cardiac interventions such as the insertion of a stent
prolong both the procedure itself as well as the post-catheterization
time spent in allowing the wound to clot.
A
cardiac catheterization is a general term for a group of procedures
that are performed using this method, such as coronary angiography, as
well as left ventrical angiography. Once the catheter is in place, it
can be used to perform a number of procedures including angioplasty, PCI
(percutaneous coronary intervention) angiography, balloon septostomy,
and an Electrophysiology study.
Indications for investigational use
This technique has several goals
confirm the presence of a suspected heart ailment
quantify the severity of the disease and its effect on the heart
seek out the cause of a symptom such as shortness of breath or signs of cardiac insufficiency
make a patient assessment prior to heart surgery
Investigative techniques used with coronary catheterizationto
measure intracardiac and intravascular blood pressures
to take tissue samples for biopsy
to inject various agents for measuring blood flow in the heart; also to
detect and quantify the presence of an intracardiac shunt
to inject contrast agents in order to study the shape of the heart vessels and chambers and how they change as the heart beats
Catheterization of chambers and valves
Catheterization
of cardiac chambers and valves may be performed in the same round as a
coronary catheterization, and may also involve nearby major vessels,
such as the aorta. It is the main method of cardiac ventriculography
(another being radionuclide ventriculography, whose use has largely been
replaced by echocardiography).
It
has the ability to measure the pressure gradient across a valve and
derive valve area from it. Thereby, it can assist in diagnosis of, for
example, aortic stenosis.[1]
This
is also the procedure used in balloon septostomy, which is the widening
of a foramen ovale, patent foramen ovale (PFO), or atrial septal defect
(ASD) using a balloon catheter.
from: wikipedia
dr. Kareem Elhwary
Cardiac
catheterization (heart cath) is the insertion of a catheter into a
chamber or vessel of the heart. This is done for both investigational
and interventional purposes. Subsets of this technique are mainly
coronary catheterization, involving the catheterization of the coronary
arteries, and catheterization of cardiac chambers and valves.
Coronary catheterization
ProcedureLocal
anaesthetic is injected into the skin, usually in the right groin, to
numb the area. In some centers access to the coronary arteries is made
via the right radial or brachial artery (hand or arm), but the majority
of cases are still done from the groin region. A puncture is then made
with a needle in either the femoral artery in the groin or the radial
artery in the wrist,(Seldinger technique), before a guidewire is
inserted into the arterial puncture. A plastic sheath (with a stiffer
plastic introducer inside it) is then threaded over the wire and pushed
into the artery. The wire is then removed and the side-port of the
sheath is aspirated to ensure arterial blood flows back. It is then
flushed with saline. This arterial sheath, with a bleedback prevention
valve, acts as a conduit into the artery for the duration of the
procedure.
[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة]
Catheters
are inserted using a guidewire and moved towards the heart. Once in
position above the aortic valve the guidewire is then removed. The
catheter is then engaged with the origin of the coronary artery (either
left main stem or right coronary artery) and x-ray opaque iodine-based
contrast is injected to make the coronary vessels show up on the x-ray
fluoroscopy image.
| [ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة] |
When
the necessary procedures are complete, the catheter is removed. Firm
pressure is applied to the site to prevent bleeding. This may be done by
hand or with a mechanical device. Other closure techniques include an
internal suture and plug. If the femoral artery was used, the patient
will probably be asked to lie flat for several hours to prevent bleeding
or the development of a hematoma. If the arm is used, the patient can
ambulate sooner. Cardiac interventions such as the insertion of a stent
prolong both the procedure itself as well as the post-catheterization
time spent in allowing the wound to clot.
A
cardiac catheterization is a general term for a group of procedures
that are performed using this method, such as coronary angiography, as
well as left ventrical angiography. Once the catheter is in place, it
can be used to perform a number of procedures including angioplasty, PCI
(percutaneous coronary intervention) angiography, balloon septostomy,
and an Electrophysiology study.
Indications for investigational use
This technique has several goals
confirm the presence of a suspected heart ailment
quantify the severity of the disease and its effect on the heart
seek out the cause of a symptom such as shortness of breath or signs of cardiac insufficiency
make a patient assessment prior to heart surgery
Investigative techniques used with coronary catheterizationto
measure intracardiac and intravascular blood pressures
to take tissue samples for biopsy
to inject various agents for measuring blood flow in the heart; also to
detect and quantify the presence of an intracardiac shunt
to inject contrast agents in order to study the shape of the heart vessels and chambers and how they change as the heart beats
Catheterization of chambers and valves
Catheterization
of cardiac chambers and valves may be performed in the same round as a
coronary catheterization, and may also involve nearby major vessels,
such as the aorta. It is the main method of cardiac ventriculography
(another being radionuclide ventriculography, whose use has largely been
replaced by echocardiography).
It
has the ability to measure the pressure gradient across a valve and
derive valve area from it. Thereby, it can assist in diagnosis of, for
example, aortic stenosis.[1]
This
is also the procedure used in balloon septostomy, which is the widening
of a foramen ovale, patent foramen ovale (PFO), or atrial septal defect
(ASD) using a balloon catheter.
from: wikipedia
dr. Kareem Elhwary
» هام جدا مراجعة نهائية هندسة ثالثة اعدادى ترم ثانى منهج مطور للاستاذ جمال قطب
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